To run out-of-school time (OST) programs most effectively, organizations need strong managerial and administrative capabilities, from sound budgeting and human resources practices to carefully planned-for technology. As this Wallace-commissioned study of 16 high quality OST providers in New York and Chicago finds, however, even the best performing OST organizations often suffer from administrative and managerial constraints. The shortcomings are not so severe that these non-profits face collapse, the report says, but the effects are felt: front-line staffers are often called on to perform administrative work, for example, and executives, consumed by day-to-day responsibilities, feel limited in their ability to manage programs strategically. The report describes in detail the administrative and managerial challenges confronting OST organizations and recommends possible solutions for OST leaders, public and private funders, and other interested parties.